gharondabhai

Like all spheres of life, a little knowledge is always dangerous. If you are truly knowledgeable, then you should be able to appreciate that knowledge is too vast and we know very little.

What we believe today to be the only truth and we fight so passionately, may not be true tomorrow.

Don't believe? Read this very interesting topic for the hard core SCIENTISTS.

5 of the biggest unsolved mysteries in physics


We've learned so much from science, bet there's plenty we still don't understand The mysteries of the universe are as vast and wide as existence itself. Throughout history, mankind has searched and struggled to find the answers tucked away inside the universe and everything we see around us. As Deep Thought said in the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, "I think the problem, to be quite honest with you, is that you've never actually known what the question is."
True, we have yet to come up with the answers to life, the universe, and everything — but oh do we have questions! Solving these mysteries may help to explain not only the creation of the universe, but also how it works, why it works, and possibly how it will end.




The hunt for the elusive Higgs particle continues1. The Higgs boson
The Higgs boson is a hypothetical particle whose accompanying field is believed to be accountable for giving all other fundamental particles their mass. It is also the only elementary particle theorized in the Standard Model — the closest thing modern physics has to a "theory of everything" — that has not yet been actually observed through experiments. Why the difficulty proving this particular particle's existence? The Higgs boson has such a rapid decay that its appearance in the world is ineffably brief. Instead, physicists look for evidence of the particle's decay itself through experimentation.
The European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) has been working to find the elusive particle via experiments at the Large Hadron Collider — the world's largest and most ambitious particle accelerator. By accelerating particles at the LHC to near the speed of light and then smashing them into each other, scientists have recently been able to estimate that they will likely find the signal for the particle somewhere around the mass of 115 to 130 GeV. Now that we know where to look, we're likely to find out sooner than later whether the Higgs boson exists or not — and for physicists around the world, that'll be exciting news either way.
If the Higgs boson does exist, we may finally be able to build a complete picture not only of how the universe works, but why its works the way it does. If it does not exist, the entire scientific community must to go back to the drawing board and begin investigating a new description of our physical universe.




The drop of an led to one of the greatest mysteries in history2. Gravity and the mysterious graviton
We've all heard the story of how Newton's observation of an falling out of a tree led to his formulation of the law of gravitation. We also know that gravity is the always-attractive force that acts between objects. What you might not know, however, is that gravity is one of the most fundamental yet weakest forces in the universe — so weak, in fact, that the physics world has yet to be able to explain precisely how it works.
Sure, we are quite positive of gravity's existence — drop something and it crashes to the floor, easy enough — but if gravity is a force, according to the Standard Model, it must also have its own accompanying particle. The accompanying particle in question is called the graviton. Gravitons are tiny, massless particles that somehow tug on every bit of matter in the universe. Mysteriously, they are able to do this while being ridiculously weak on the planetary scale yet uncommonly strong in relation to, say, two positively charged protons. We don't know why it acts differently on planets versus elementary particles — heck, we don't even know how to detect them, although we have made various attempts to date.
Since the scientific community has yet to come up with a concrete way to detect the graviton particle, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) was doing research between 2009 and 2011 to look for wave-like evidence of gravity. Scientists thought they could detect ripples in space-time that are thought to be caused by the acceleration of mass, but by the time the experiment was shut down, they had yet to find anything. There are facilities that have the equipment to continue the experiment, but they are currently focused on solving the Higgs issue. Sadly, even if the Higgs boson is found, it still won't shed much light on the gravity quandaries that still remain.





We think dark matter exists, but proving it is the hard part3. Dark matter
Dark matter is a mysterious sort of glue that not only holds galaxies together but is theoretically responsible for their creation. It was initially hypothesized in 1933 to explain mathematical discrepancies while calculating the mass of galaxies; essentially, more matter is required to hold galaxies together than we can see. Since then, we haven't learned a whole heck of a lot more about dark matter.
In fact, we seem to know more about what itisn't than what it is. We know it isn't antimatter. We also know it isn't dark clouds of normal matter. Many physicists believe that it accounts for about 83% of the matter in the universe — even though we've yet to prove it exists!
The tricky thing with dark matter is that we can't detect it directly; it's invisible. Dark matter only reveals itself through its gravity, so we must instead measure it through its interaction with normal matter. Currently, there are two conflicting experiments being conducted in attempts to confirm the existence of dark matter.
The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) detector at the Soudan Mine in Minnesota is searching for weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs, whose discovery could resolve the dark matter problem. Even though dark matter is expected to be everywhere, it is estimated that some WIMPs may pass through an entire galaxy without interacting with any normal matter, making discovery very difficult. Although scientists have not yet detected WIMPs directly, they have found significant evidence that they exist.
In direct conflict with these findings, the experiment XENON100 at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory in Italy has so far yielded only negative results in regards to WIMPs. That isn't to say that WIMPs don't exist, merely that they are harder to detect than scientists had previously presumed.




Some of Einstein's theories have crumbled with time, but what about lightspeed travel …4. Faster-than-light travel
Admit it — if you've ever watched Han Solo and Chewie take the Millennium Falcon to light speed, or stared in awe the first time you saw the Starship Enterprise jump to maximum warp, you've wanted to see faster-than-light (FTL) travel. Surprising all of us, last year it almost seemed possible. The Oscillation Project with Emulsion-Racking Apparatus (OPERA), another experimental instrument operating at Gran Sasso National Laboratory in Italy, is in part looking at whether or not particles called neutrinos may be able to break this cosmic speed limit.
This highly sophisticated instrument has given results leading some to believe that they have caught neutrinos moving faster than light. A set of neutrinos was sent from CERN's lab in Geneva through the Earth and then observed at the OPERA lab under Sasso Mountain. The entire trip was recorded to have taken under 3 milliseconds, 60 nanoseconds faster than light would have taken.
Needless to say, there are many who have their doubts. Proving faster-than-light travel exists would undermine Albert Einstein's 1905 theory of special relativity, which states that the speed of light (186,282 miles per second, or 671 million miles per hour) is a cosmic constant and that nothing can travel faster than this limit — a cornerstone of our understanding of the universe.
If FTL travel is in fact possible, it opens the door to the possibility of time travel as well. Don't get too excited — there won't be any quick hops to the future in your DeLorean to pick up the next lotto numbers or buy a Gray's Sports Almanac from a local thrift shop. If neutrinos are traveling faster than light, though, they could theoretically arrive somewhere before they departed, so communication to the past may be a possibility. If we could somehow take advantage of this, you could make your alternate past self wealthy by sending a message encoded in neutrinos to invest heavily, for example, in Google stock at the time the company first went public.
But then again, if one can send a message to the past, we must also say goodbye to relativity and causality as we know them. Since cause would no longer need to procede effect, before and after would cease to have meaning. People would retire before graduating from grade school, and eventually, the universe as we know it would cease to be. Speaking of which...





A planetary collision is just one of the many theories as to how we'll meet our demis …5. How will it all end?
Assuming the standard model is true, our universe's end will likely all come down to one of three theories, each of which depends upon three things: the shape of the universe, how much dark energy is contained within it, and how the densities of dark energy will respond to the expansion of the universe.
There are believed to be three possible shapes of the universe: an open universe, a flat universe, and a closed plane of space-time.
In an open universe (think of a gigantic, saddle-shaped object), the universe is likely to experience the Big Freeze. In this scenario, the universe will continue to expand until matter has stretched incredibly thin, the stars have all burnt out, galaxies have ceased creating new stars to replace them, and all mass as we know it has ceased to exist. Everything will become dark and cold. The universe won't so much as end as it will simply fizzle out, settling into a silent and lonely slumber at absolute zero.
Another possibility for universal armageddon is the Big Rip. Not as dependent on the shape of the universe as much as the amount of dark energy contained within it, this model implies that the acceleration of the universe will continue to increase without slowing, and the dark energy will become so strong that it will overwhelm the other elemental forces. Galaxies, suns, and planets alike will begin tearing themselves apart, all ending in a gravitational singularity — a place in which the standard rules of physics and relativity no longer apply.
Somewhat less unsettling is the theory of the Big Crunch, in which the universe will continue to expand until matter begins to slow the rate of expansion. Once slowed enough, the expansion will eventually come to a halt and begin to retract. Everything — planets, suns, galaxies, black holes, even the indestructible iPad 7000 — will all come crashing back together, culminating in a Big Crunch: essentially the opposite of the Big Bang that kicked our universe off in the first place. The bright side here is that the crunch is thought to be succeeded by yet another Big Bang and the creation of a whole new universe. Unfortunately, of the three, the Big Crunch is currently the least favored hypothesis within the physics community — meaning our dreams of an endlessly cycling universe of birth, destruction, and rebirth may end up being relegated to the realm of science fiction.


This article was written by Jordan Goodson and originally appeared on Tecca

Ram.bharose

Gh-ondhaji........not want to sound rude to you in any way you are sir a veteran member on this forum...article is also good..but sir iss poore article ka RE aur iss forum se kya lena dena sir.........just a query hope you don;t take it personally.


thanks and respect.

fritolay_ps

Lets try to another SCIENTIFIC Truth on quality of such builder projects...Everyone know the names so I am not putting it in open forum else those who put money for own use/living... will not be able to sleep

How can such building is still standing after 2 years of construction after poor quality material used... You can see such projects in sector 119, Indirapuram and other part of Noida...

gharondabhai

Thank you for very valid question, appreciate that.

There is a reason and thats why I shared this piece of information. The reason is, with certain level of knowledge, we tend to dismiss any other views. Sometimes some one quotes some research paper here and there or some past history in some country and then force some theory.

When the most talked about SCIENCE, or the ultimate truth to some people itself is questionable ... claiming our very limited knowledge as the RIGHT version is very silly to say the least.

So whenever there is any heated arguments, I would point them to this thread to revisit their stands. Hope this will enlighten the clever one to rethink and understand and appreciate different views.

There is only one truth like infinity, which is not defined ... rest are all closer to truth .. how closer, no one knows but everyone thinks his version is the closest.

Hope some matured people will rethink their thought process after reading this.

Thats all.

commener

Request Admin to move this thread in "Discuss Anything Section" please. That will be more appropriate !!!!!

Gharondabhai, thanks for sharing this nice article. Hope Admin will allow to share views and discuss !!!!!

Physics has been my favourite subject right from my school days so much so that I chose Physics as one of my optional subject in Civil Services Exams contrary to general trend even among candidates from Science and Engineering Streams !!!!!!

If you start from Simple Newton's Laws of Motion to Theory of Relativity and than move on to Quantum Physics, a stage comes (this is called singularty) when Laws of Physics breaks down !!!!

After that Science can not explain. What does that mean ?????

Apart from Physics Spritual books have been my second obssession(now a days it has become first obssession) !!!!!!

Having read so many books, I do not know the answers of these basic questions :

Who we are ?????

Where have we come from ????

Where will we go ?????

In this Universe, Is everything preplanned/predestined or do we have freedom to change our destiny ????

Friends, everyone of us is religious/spritual in one or the other way. Everyone of us has unique knowledge and experince. Let us learn from each other !!!!!!

Kindly share your views !!!!!

DP

MANOJa

commener

Manoja Bhai,

Actual Method was definitely hilarious !!!!!!

But we are talking about Scientific Method only !!!!!

DP

saurabh2011

Looking Discovery & NGC at IREF .... I never miss any of such episode even repeat telecast related to Earth/Galaxy/Big Bang/Big Crunch/Black Hole/Visit to the END of Universe 13 Billion Year Light Before/Different Universe Layers/Travel in Time (Stephen Hawking).........ALL Interesting..... All of us are the part of Dead Stars and Manav Sabhayta is just 5 Lac years old which is not even equal to the one second of World Clock of 4 Billion Years. All will destroy at the end by anyone Black Holes/SUN Explosive/Gama Rays/Galaxy Collision/Asteroid Hitting/...../ ......./ ......../ ........... any one among thousands number of possible miss-happening.....anything may happen during 1 year to 1 Lac year...

Better to be happy with our present and thanks GOD that we are here in this beautiful world. We (Whole Manav Sabhyata) comes here at earth just for few seconds of World Clock.

commener

Saurabh Bhai,

Woh sab to thik hai !!!!

BUT

Does GOD really exist ???? or we have just invented him ?????

DP

saurabh2011

As per Stephen Hawking.... there is no GOD... It's all Energy & Dark Matter (invisible).....